Add the sugar, lemon peel, and blueberries to a medium sized bowl. Mash the mixture with a fork until the berries are completely pulverized.
Add the lemon juice and stir. Let the mixture sit for 10 minutes until the sugar dissolves.
Strain the mixture through a fine mesh strainer into a pitcher. Press out as much juice from the berry pulp. Discard the blueberry skins, seeds, and lemon peel.
Add cold water to the pitcher. Stir and serve.
Notes
I use about 7 jumbo lemons for the lemon juice. You'll need twice as much from smaller lemons.
Frozen blueberries can be used in place of fresh berries. Thaw first before mashing.