Preheat the oven to 375°F. Grease a 13x9-inch baking dish with cooking spray or butter.
Cook the sausage in a large skillet over medium heat until it begins to release its fat (about 5 minutes). If you’re using a lean sausage like turkey or chicken, coat the frying pan with 1-2 tablespoons of oil before cooking.
After the sausage has partially cooked, add the diced onion and red pepper and sauté until softened and the sausage is cooked through, around 7-8 more minutes. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for another 30 seconds. Remove from the heat.
In a blender, food processor, or a deep bowl with an immersion blender, add the eggs, milk, cottage cheese, salt, and pepper. Blend until smooth. Note: If the curds are tiny enough or you don't mind the texture, you can skip the blending and just whisk the eggs, milk, and cottage cheese together in a bowl.
To layer the casserole, spread the hashbrowns evenly in the baking dish. Next, add the cooked sausage and veggies in an even layer over the hashbrowns.
Sprinkle 1 cup of cheddar cheese across the veggies. Then pour the egg mixture evenly over everything and sprinkle the remaining 1 cup of cheddar cheese on top.
Bake the casserole uncovered for 40–50 minutes until the eggs are set in the center (170℉ on an instant read thermometer) and the top is golden. Tip: If the casserole is done, but the cheese hasn't browned, broil on high for 1-2 minutes until golden and bubbly. Watch it closely so it doesn't burn.
Remove from the oven and let the casserole rest for 10 minutes before slicing. Serve warm.